10 Characteristics of Good Facilitator

A successful meeting needs to be well organized with a sense of purpose and direction. To ensure this, it is helpful to have a facilitator take charge of the session. A good facilitator adds immense value to any business or learning setting. The number of meetings is on the rise, with the average professional spending up to a third of their work week in meetings. However, with the right facilitator at the helm, the time spent in meetings doesn’t have to be lost time.

Some people believe that facilitating a workshop/team is easy. It is not. When you have a group of people in a room, anything can happen. Some people will dominate the meeting, while others won’t say a word; a few will stick to the issues at hand, many more will go off tangent. Experienced facilitators know how to control a meeting without deciding its outcome; how to follow an agenda while accommodating discourse; how to build consensus without alienation.

Here are some key traits that an excellent facilitator must-have:

1. Involving

It can be a real challenge to ensure that the ideas of every single person in the room are heard, especially during larger meetings. One person may hold the floor for too long, more introverted attendees may be hesitant to speak up, and the flow of conversation can be hard to manage. Ensure that you are able to bring in all the people into the conversation. Successful facilitators are by nature people-lovers. They have a genuine respect for the uniqueness of every individual and believe that everyone has something to contribute to the team. The facilitator makes sure every point of view is heard and respected.

2. Active Listener

Listening is a key characteristic for a facilitator. Both being able to listen to others and to encourage others to listen are equally as important. A facilitator needs to be able to actively listen to their group and understand what they are trying to say. Paraphrasing, summing up or using other active listening techniques are great ways to fully grasp and gauge the meaning of what people are saying. An excellent facilitator needs to be able to listen to a group, an individual and also themselves. If you feel like you aren’t feeling yourself, if you are tired this will emerge externally in your facilitation and the group will feel it.

3. Inquisitive

Asking questions is crucial to allowing valuable dialogues to be had. The facilitator does not want to simply talk to the group and tell them things and you don’t want to just give the group the answers to their problems. Instead, they must come up with them themselves. Asking open-ended questions that can spark helpful and beneficial discussions that can trigger solutions is much more valuable to all involved. The facilitator must also know how to probe respectfully, firstly to get people out of their comfort zones, but also to encourage participants to delve deeper into thoughts in order to get more out of the meeting.

4. Authentic 

A good facilitator needs to be authentic. People will soon tune out, disengage and not trust what you are saying if you are insincere. Being authentic allows you to connect and relate much easier with the participants and enables you to bond with them. In order to be an authentic facilitator, you must create a safe space to encourage people to open up and express themselves without the fear of retribution. If people do not feel comfortable or safe to convey their feelings both they and the facilitator won’t be able to present their true authentic selves. Trust is the key to encouraging others to express their true thoughts and feelings. Without trust and authenticity, the meeting will be sure to be a waste of time.

5. Impartial

Having an unbiased perspective and not tainting other’s opinions with your own is crucial to allowing open and worthwhile discussions. You don’t want to push your views onto others, instead, you want to create a forum where people can freely discuss and express themselves, enabling problems to be solved and decisions to be made. Not to mention, treating all participants as equal ensures that you maintain honest and open-minded conversations. It will be crystal clear to participants if the facilitator is trying to steer the conversation and push their own predetermined conclusions onto the group. An excellent facilitator provides an unbiased space for alternative opinions and views to be brought up in a respectful way.

6. Enthusiastic and Encouraging

A facilitator has to know how and when to bring the energy into the room and at the same time when it needs to be reeled back in. The facilitator’s energy holds the ability to control the feeling and environment of the room. It can help to inspire, encourage and motivate the group in order to provoke solutions and creative ideas if there is a brainstorming exercise or bring the energy back down if a serious discussion needs to be had. The capability to manage the emotions in the room will be of great help when constructive conversations and to keep the meeting on track.

7. Promotes Constructive Feedback

In order to ensure participants are not caving into one person’s idea(s), the facilitator will challenge the group by posing questions to either help them think more broadly, deeper or wider. If required, the facilitator encourages the group to stop and reflect on their performance or ideas for purposes of improvement. Feedback is best when it is constructive and is based on real, observable events that others can relate to. The facilitator also demonstrates their willingness to receive feedback by actively listening and incorporating process changes where it makes sense.

8. Flexibility

You need to plan appropriately how you intend to cover all the session agendas within the available time limit. Be firm with how much time you allow participants and know when to call back the team to the agenda if they start to deviate. Even after planning, things may not always go as expected. If you stay rigid, it will be difficult for you to adapt to the new circumstances and still carry through your session successfully. For example, if new agendas come up, will you still be able to address them, or will you neglect them? Flexibility allows you to innovate solutions to challenges as you go so that the end objective is still realized no matter what.

9. Patient

As they say, patience is a virtue and it is a fundamental trait when it comes to facilitating. Staying calm in discussions or when things get heated is important to limit any tensions or situations before they occur. As the facilitator, you want to help improve the situation so leading by example and keeping composed is essential. It is almost unavoidable that sometimes things just don’t go to plan. Whether it be technical or process issues, things just don’t always go how you thought they would. The facilitator must ensure they are patient and resolve the issue by encouraging dialogues and introducing different questions to the group as the purpose or plan changes and adapts.

10. Goal Orientated

Keeping the participants on track and keeping the conversation aligned with the main outcome is important and sometimes tricky. It is human nature that conversations go off on a tangent, which yes provides some of the most interesting and constructive discussions, but the facilitator needs to know when and how to bring the conversation back to the main purpose of the meeting. If the meeting is too long people will tune out and not focus, therefore managing the time is a tricky but essential part of facilitating.

Becoming an excellent facilitator takes time and practice. The skills you need will be honed and tweaked over many years of preparing and practicing in real situations. It is very rare that you would wake up overnight and be the perfect facilitator. Successful facilitators are made, not born.

Podcast: Why Quality Professionals Should Consider Kaizen

I recently wrote an article for Quality Magazine on Kaizen where I explain why kaizen is a valuable tool that probably not enough companies take advantage of. If you want to be able to look at your process, if you want to uncover what pains you, these are the kinds of things that Kaizen allows you to do. 

A few weeks ago I sat down with Michelle Bangert, Managing Editor, for a podcast to introduce the article.

Michelle: So much has changed with lean and Kaizen, but is there anything you think today that quality professionals should know about Kaizen?

Tim: Yeah, I think it's a really valuable tool. Probably not enough companies do that. I think it's kind of a concept that maybe is foreign to a lot of people, but it's really just an improvement idea that allows us to get a group of people together, continually look at opportunities for improvement. So if you want to be able to look at your process, if you want to uncover what maybe is, it pains you, if you want to be able to do that, these are the kinds of things that Kaizen allows you to do. So it allows us to challenge the status quo, things that we take for granted, get the right people in the right room and come up with a new process to do things better, more efficiently in the future.

Michelle: I love that you said, if it ain't broke, don't fix it policy. It's still, let's keep fixing things and make it better because someone's doing that. And so we have to keep up. So that was very smart. That's probably the better way. Definitely. So can you remember the first time you were involved in a Kaizen event or one of the early ones you did?

Tim: Yeah, one of the earliest ones I probably did was on the shop floor. You know, I think there's a difference between doing it in the office and doing it on the shop floor. And certainly on the shop floor, you can do things that are physically transformational, you can pick up the machinery of the cell and move it around. So those are very exciting. So I did a Kaizen event that was around changing the physical layout. So we did things that were very, I guess, traditional where you might pass the product along to an area. And we wanted to do a change where we would consolidate the footprint of the cell and do more U-shaped manufacturing cell and parts would be provided from the back of the cell and you would do a certain amount of the work content and you would pass it to the next operation instead of what was more traditional manufacturing. So that was the first Kaizen I ever did and I think you know you probably can read lots of stories online about the U-shaped cells and doing that kind of configuration. But for small piece parts, that's a very common approach to do that. But different than you might tackle in the office, first office guys than I ever did was a value stream mapping activity. Typically in the office, you can't see the waste, the same that you might see in a factory. So you have to map out the processes and you might walk it visually. You pick a process and try to walk that from a customer standpoint and understand all the processes that occur there. So typically a value stream map might be a way to do that technique.

Michelle: Definitely a lot of value, regardless of which approach you're doing. Makes sense. Can you think of any that were especially memorable, whether in a good way or a bad way where one worked really well or maybe didn't work the way you wanted?

Tim: I think the ones that are most memorable are the ones that I think people say that something couldn't occur there or somebody might be challenging. So certainly when I was at wire mold, we had that Kaizen area that They said the group leader was really resistant to change and you know this couldn't be done and I took it as a personal challenge to see what we could do there. So I think people felt that somebody was adversarial there. The group leader was somebody that was against change and it really wasn't the case. It was trying to get to understand like, where they came from. And it wasn't that they were against continuous improvement. They actually had suggested lots of ideas for improvement. They didn't want to be changed. They wanted to be heard. So I went in there with the tact of, well, why don't you just try it, you know. If I prove me wrong kind of mentality, right? You know, let's just try it this way. If I'm wrong, then, you know, but then, you know, so be it. We'll try it your way. So I always took that mentality, like try to listen to what they have to say, because they're making the product. I'm certainly not the expert in making the product. And so if you can get them to listen to what you have to say, and you can listen to what they have to say, generally that compromise will get you a solution in the long run. But I was able to get their ideas incorporated in the design. Obviously, it's a much better Kaizen that way. That one success led to three or four different Kaizens in that area, and we were able to make significant change that way. But I like it when someone says that we can't do it, or that they're really against continuous improvement. Those are the challenges.

 

Listen to the rest of the interview here:

https://www.qualitymag.com/media/podcasts/2594-quality-podcasts/play/317-why-quality-professionals-should-consider-kaizen

The Kaizen Mindset:10 Steps for Executing a Successful Kaizen

Production team members discovering opportunities and trying solutions during a Kaizen. Image Source: Tim McMahon

An essential element in Lean thinking is Kaizen.  Kaizen is the Japanese word for a “good change” (Kai = change, Zen = good) or change for the better.  It’s a continuous improvement tool to make work easier, safer, and more productive by studying a process, identifying waste, and applying small incremental improvements that ensure the highest quality.

Kaizen thinking is based on making little changes on a regular basis: always improving productivity, safety and effectiveness while reducing waste.  Western philosophy is often summarized as, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it." However, the Kaizen philosophy is to "do it better, make it better, improve it even if it isn't broken, because if we don't, we can't compete with those who do."

Many business leaders envision Lean initiatives as massive endeavors that require long training sessions, big meetings, and complete overhauls. Yet the reality is that some of the most successful Lean initiatives begin with a commitment to creating a culture that’s focused on small, continuous improvements. It’s the only way to achieve long-term success.

Kaizen involves every employee - from upper management to operators. Everyone is encouraged to come up with improvement suggestions on a regular basis. This is not a once a month or once a year activity. Once we make this way of thinking normal the lack of any sort of event goes away. The ultimate goal is a culture of continuously looking at processes with an eye for improvement.

In my recent article published in Quality Magazine I share the benefits of Kaizen, the reasons why many organizations fail when implementing Kaizen, and 10 steps for executing a successful Kaizen. Click here to continue reading.

10 Principles of Kaizen to Maximize Productivity

An essential element in Lean thinking is Kaizen. Kaizen is the Japanese name for continuous improvement. While Kaizen is really about improvement involving everyone everyday it is often associated with a structured event. It is the technique that improves quality, productivity, safety, and workplace culture. Kaizen focuses on applying small, daily changes that result in major improvements over time. They are essential to get cross-functional and multi-level teams involved in a Lean transformation.  In that respect, kaizen events have a dual role – to make improvements but also to teach and communicate.

Based on my experiences, here are ten principles for optimizing processes and implementing kaizen to maximize productivity within your continuous improvement efforts:

Principle 1. Improve Everything Continuously

This is the core tenet of the Kaizen method. With their commitment to improving everything continuously, adopters of the Kaizen method question the best practices of their organization to uncover areas for potential improvement. The improvement never ends. After improving one element, others can become not compatible or induce defects. Create a list of elements that require improvement and improve them one by one.

Principle 2. Say No to Status Quo

Old managers teach: if something works, don't touch it. In Kaizen we assume that everything can work better. There is no place for methods that cannot be changed. Every aspect of every process can be a subject of improving actions.

Principle 3. Aim for Small Improvements Rather Than Perfection

As the saying goes Rome was not built in a day, neither is performance excellence. By improving the way small tasks are regularly performed, you will yield greater results rather than attempting to perfect the workings of a whole department at once. Aim for small, continuous changes, and results will come slowly, but steadily.

Principle 4. Empower Every Team Member to Provide Solutions to Problems

Not only does giving everyone a say provide them with a sense of belongingness, but it also provides the organization with fresh ideas and innovative concepts by which certain issues may be avoided altogether.

Principle 5. Use Creativity Before Capital

Save money through small improvements and spend the saved money on further improvements. In western culture changes have to be substantial in order to be visible. In eastern culture changes sometimes are substantial. But in most cases, those are small improvements that lead to small savings. But after many small improvements you'll earn a considerable sum of money.

Principle 6. Tacit Learning, Learn by Taking Action

Kaizen promotes the philosophy of action, learning through experience and reduces procrastination. In Japan, professionals associate another term with Kaizen: 'genchi genbutsu'. This literally means 'real location, real thing'. This common saying encompasses the same core meaning: taking action, experiencing the real thing and not just the theory, is what leads to development.

Principle 7. If Something is Wrong, Fix It

Mistakes are human. It is natural and acceptable to make them. What is unacceptable is to attempt to finish a task without rectifying the error. Own up to the mistake if you are held accountable, correct it, and attempt to find a solution to avoid the same mistake later on.

Principle 8. Use Data Over Opinions

Using data to influence your decision-making process is a powerful way to reduce errors and constantly improve. Data provides us with information that is backed with proof, while opinions reflect a person’s or group’s beliefs. Establishing metrics before you action any changes enables you to define success and failure and to act accordingly. Using data can help to eliminate the risk of human bias and assumptions, creating an efficient and goal-oriented decision-making process. Companies that invest in, gather, collate and interpret data prior to decision-making will have an edge over others who are solely experience or opinion-driven.

Principle 9. Ask Why to Get to Root Cause

Due to the lack of time and the pressure to meet deadlines, we often overlook the root cause of errors, which leads to the repetition of the same mistakes. Always encourage your staff to get to the root cause of problems. Use a 5-Whys Analysis and keep asking “why” until you get to the root cause of the problem. Share the possible solutions so that everyone in the team can benefit from the findings.

Principle 10. Improvement has No limits. Never Stop Trying to Improve.

Never say to your employees: ok, we've done it, now we can do it another ten years without any changes. There is entropy in each process. Customers’ needs change constantly. New technologies are being implemented. Your competitors still try to make better product. The improvement program is a never-ending story.

The initial benefits that are implemented will lead to further improvement opportunities down the road. When done properly, Kaizen just keeps going through the cycle of identifying improvement opportunities, coming up with solutions to those opportunities, implementing the solutions and finally testing them. If the solutions are positive, the cycle starts over with new improvement opportunities. This will continue forever, leading to an optimized facility that is never satisfied with the status quo.

Lean Moonshine – A Powerful Improvement Method

https://www.arcar.org/video-10it6hpcloo

No this is not what you’re thinking if you’ve seen the show Moonshiners or tried some moonshine before. During prohibition in the United States, individuals illegally produced liquor mostly at night under the light of the moon. Raw materials used to make the liquor (called Moonshine) were varied, some poisonous, and the equipment was most likely constructed of re-used bits and pieces of copper and other metals. No two stills were identical, and the moonshiners used a bit of creativity to create a working system.

At Wiremold (where I worked) we used the Shingjiutsu Consulting Company to transform the business and teach us kaizen. Mr. Chihiro Nakao, founder Shingijutsu, transformed the Moonshine concept into a tool and method to innovate and create new ideas and solutions with a focus on production processes. This kaizen (continuous improvement) tool is a practical method to use your critical thinking skills to drive to a solution. Traditional methods, creating a project task force, analyzing/evaluating the problem are tedious and ineffective. Instead, pursue a “no excuse” attitude and create a solution to the problem. Moonshine enables the team to create prototypes through “trystorming” and as referred to by some as “cardboard engineering” using examples from nature as input.

Employees use simple and inexpensive materials to find solutions to problems they encounter in their day-to-day work. Using affordable materials means fewer budget constraints and lets employees give free rein to their creativity.

Focus of the Moonshine

• Emphasis on creativity, using only materials that are directly available. ‘Doing a lot with a little.’
• Encourage experimentation, using simulations, prototyping, and trials to explore and inspire. ‘Try-storming.’
• Collaboration and observation of how peers work.
• Get out of the typical workspace. A change of scenery can help stimulate new ideas.
• Little to no structure helps the flow of creativity flowing smoothly.
• Leader enabled, but not directed.

What’s more, that fear of failure doesn’t hinder creativity. Quite the opposite—failure is a normal part of the creative process. You just roll up their sleeves and find a way to make it better. They use ingenuity to create simple physical prototypes quickly.

At Wiremold we had a Moonshine shop that focused on rapid prototyping and design solutions that aided in many trial-and-error testing iterations. This team was used in all kaizen activities and was big asset in our trystorming culture.

I think all companies can benefit from space and where they tinker and make mistakes. It should contain all sorts of tools, old equipment and machinery at a minimum. And management needs to trust them enough that they can be left to figure things out in there. Otherwise where does creativity come from.

Exposing The Common Myths of Standardized Work

A couple days ago I posted an article on standard work as a mechanism for facilitating and empowering improvement. By documenting the current best practice, standardized work forms the baseline for kaizen or continuous improvement. As the standard is improved, the new standard becomes the baseline for further improvements, and so on. Improving standardized work is a never-ending process. Standardized work is one of the most powerful but least used lean tools.

Unfortunately, there are many myths regarding standardized work that if followed create a flawed system. To prevent you from falling into this trap I will attempt to debunk several of these myths.

Standard Work Is Permanent

A common misconception is that ‘standardized’ is assumed to be permanent. This is not the case. It’s just the best way we know how to do the work today. Continuous improvement is always encouraged, once the current best method is understood and practiced in order to establish a stable foundation for further improvement.

Standard Work is Self-Created

Some think employees develop their own standardized work. The initial work standard should be developed by engineers (process owners) working with operators who are part of a team. Group leaders and team leaders then have responsibility for training employees on the standard work and soliciting their input. Once the process is operating at some level of stability, employees are challenged to develop better methods, but the methods are always reviewed by others, including management.

Standard Work is a Rigid Framework

Another common myth about standardized work is that many think of a rigid work environment where workers aren’t required to think. This is totally the opposite as I said above. Operators are part of the creation of the work standard and then are challenged to improve these methods. The standard creates a baseline by which improvement can be measured. Ideas should be discussed with group leaders and considered depending upon the consensus and buy-in from other members and shifts. Once consensus is reached then experimentation can be done to determine the effectiveness of the improvement. If it is deemed an effective change then the standardized work can modified and everyone trained in the new method.

Standard Work Reduces Training Needs

It is also believed that with standard work you will know everything about the job and therefore be able to train anyone to do the job. Standardized work is the process used by operators to define their work method through documentation and visual postings. This is often misinterpreted as a fully detailed description of the work and associated standards. Anyone who has read the standard work sheets would see that the work description explains the work elements in basic terms - not nearly enough information to read and fully understand the job. Job Instruction Training (JIT) is the method commonly used in Lean to transfer complete knowledge of a job to a team member. In my experience anyone who believes that a job is simple enough to distill down to a few sheets of paper underestimates the competency level necessary of their employees.

Standard Work Prevents Deviations

Another myth is that with standard work and visual postings employees will not deviate from the standard. This couldn’t be further from the truth. There is nothing in standardized work that will prevent deviation by the operator except the visual awareness of others. The visual reference is utilized by management for monitoring adherence to the standard which is done through periodic and regular audits of the standardized work. To ensure compliance to the standard, it’s necessary to poka-yoke or mistake proof the process to prevent deviation and make excursions highly visible.

Standard Work Only Applies to Shop Floor

Lastly, there are those that believe standard work is only for the shop floor. Standard work has been proven effective in many industries from the military to healthcare and everything in between. In particular, I think this is a technique that management teams must adopt. How we run the business should not be any different than how we do business. In my experience, those organizations that use standard work at the management level are more productive and effective.

Standardizing the work adds discipline to the culture, an element that is frequently neglected but essential for Lean to take root. Standardized work is also a learning tool that supports audits, promotes problem solving, and involves team members in developing poka-yokes. While standard work can be an effective foundation for continuous improvement it is important to recognize that it is not a one-stop shop for all that ails you.

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Standard Work Enables and Facilitates

Standard work is a written description of how a process should be done. It guides consistent execution. At its best, it documents a current "best practice" and ensures that it is implemented throughout a company. At a minimum, it provides a baseline from which a better approach can be developed.

The definition of standard work is "the most effective combination of manpower, materials and machinery". Standard work is the method, and thereby you have the four Ms of manufacturing (manpower, material, machinery, methods). Standard Work is only "the most effective" until the standard is improved.

Standards to a company are like scales and sheet music to a musician. Our team members help develop and maintain standards, which are not static. Standards change as we get better, just as a good band will incorporate chord and melodic variations if they sound good. Thus, standards do not constrain creativity – they enable it, by providing a basis for comparison, and by providing stability, so we have the time and energy to improve.

Standardized work comprises:

• Content
• Sequence
• Timing
• Expected outcome

It should also contain tests, or red flags, which tell you when there’s a problem. That way, you won’t ship junk. The tests could be physical, such as a torque check on a bolt, or it could be administrative, like a blacked-out template that fits over a standard form and highlights the critical information.

Standard work enables and facilitates:

• Avoidance of errors, assuring that lessons learned are utilized and not forgotten
• Team learning and training
• Improvements to make the work more effective
• Reduction in variability
• Creation of meaningful job descriptions
• Greater innovation by reducing the mental and physical overhead of repetitive or standardized work

Standard work does not preclude flexibility. You can still do a lot of different jobs, and be able to address new problems. Standard work just takes the things you do repeatedly and makes them routine, so you don’t waste time thinking about them.

Standards are an essential requirement for any company seeking to continuously improve. All continuous improvement methods leverage learning to get better results from their business efforts. Standards provide the baseline references that are necessary for learning. A standard operating procedure supplies a stable platform for collecting performance measurements. The standard and its profile of performance yields the information people need to uncover improvement opportunities, make and measure improvements, and extract learning.