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Monday, February 20, 2012

Daily Lean Tips Edition #27

For my Facebook fans you already know about this great feature. But for those of you that are not connected to A Lean Journey on Facebook or Twitter I post daily a feature I call Lean Tips.  It is meant to be advice, things I learned from experience, and some knowledge tidbits about Lean to help you along your journey.  Another great reason to like A Lean Journey on Facebook.

Here is the next addition of tips from the Facebook page:

Lean Tip #391 – Don’t Expect Training to Make Lean Happen

You need to change the system. Recall Deming’s 94/6 rule whereby 94% of the problems stem from the system – that only management can fix, and only 6% from operators. Change cannot come purely from the bottom.

Lean Tip #392 – Don’t Declare Victory Too Soon

After the first battles have been won, the results will come in, and there will be temptation to declare the war over. But remember, it takes seconds to change behavior, but it takes years to change attitude. The changes need to sink in deeply in the company’s culture in order to be sustained.

Lean Tip #393 – Remove Obstacles to Create Transformation

Transformations frequently hit large obstacles that management must move out of the way. Make sure that there is a way for employees to communicate upwards that these obstacles need to be moved.

Lean Tip #394 – Create Short Term Wins so You Don’t Lose Momentum

Transformations take time, so in order not to lose momentum make sure you put in place short term goals, and celebrate their achievement. People need to see compelling evidence of change that the new journey is producing results, otherwise they will lose in confidence.

Lean Tip #395 – Successful Change Needs Facilitation

The lack of recognizing the need of full time facilitation is a common problem with poor Lean implementations. Most companies will need a Lean sensei to keep the momentum going.

Lean Tip #396 – Culture is about “Current Behavior”

Culture is something that you learn day by day, not by going on an onward bound course or by reading a book about moving cheese. “Act into a new way of thinking” not “Think into a new way of acting.”
-Peter Scholtes, The Leaders Handbook

Lean Tip #397 – Lean may involve revolutionary change but culture change is evolutionary.

Although Lean often involves revolutionary change, culture change is evolutionary. Day by day. And because, inevitably, managers leave, coaching future managers on their attitudes to, and interactions with, subordinates needs to be continually done. Arguably, there is no more important a task.

Lean Tip #398 – It is not about the tools but rather how they are applied.

A large number of organizations have failed to produce the desired results from the direct and prescriptive application of Lean tools. The tools themselves have been proven to work in many situations. The difference must then be in how the tools were applied, their appropriateness, but not the tools themselves.

Lean Tip #399 – Lean is a system of tools and people that need to work together.

Lean is a system of tools and people that need to work together. A single tool by itself, like 5s or value stream mapping, is likely to fail because its benefits are likely to be marginal or even negative.

Lean Tip #400 – Don’t underestimate the importance of a feeling of success.

People feel happier and perform better when there is a feeling of success. And vice versa. And attitude drives performance. There is a feedback loop. So managers must project confidence. War leaders know this well.

Lean Tip #401 – When preparing for flow first consider the demand

Understanding demand should be the first, or at least a very early, too to use with Lean implementation. Listen to what customers are actually saying or requesting.

Lean Tip #402 – Make a video of tasks.

When establishing activity timing and work elements make a video of the tasks. This is better than a live recording, because it allows backtracking, and slow motion. It also avoids the stress of several people with stopwatches standing over an operator.

Lean Tip #403 – Visual management is the ‘litmus test’ for Lean.

If you go into any operation and find that schedules, standard work, the problem solving process, quality and maintenance are not immediately apparent, and up to date, there is an excellent chance that the operation is far off Lean.

Lean Tip #404 – Use the smallest machines possible consistent with quality requirements.

Having several smaller machines instead of one bigger, faster ‘monument’ allows greater flexibility in layouts, easier scheduling, reduction in material handling, less vulnerability to breakdown, less vulnerability to bottleneck problems, possibly reduced cost, and through phasing of machine acquisition, improved cash flow and more frequent technology updates.

Lean Tip #405 – The prime reason for automation in Lean is for quality.

The principle is not to automate waste. Ask whether a low cost solution is possible like a gravity-feed rather than a robot. Good reasons for automation are dull, dirty, dangerous and hot, heavy, hazardous work. Another good reason is reduction in variation. A bad reason is to reduce people. Remember, machines, don’t make improvement suggestions.


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Friday, February 17, 2012

Lean Quote: Applying Active Listening to Engage Others

On Fridays I will post a Lean related Quote. Throughout our lifetimes many people touch our lives and leave us with words of wisdom. These can both be a source of new learning and also a point to pause and reflect upon lessons we have learned. Within Lean active learning is an important aspect on this journey because without learning we can not improve.

"Seek to understand first, before being understood." — Dr. Stephen R. Covey, Habit 5 of 7 in The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People

Communication is the most important skill in life. You spend years learning how to read and write, and years learning how to speak. But what about listening?

Applying Active Listening, allows you and other individuals to engage in a dialogue where you are both equipped with clarity and understanding of the purpose, content and outcome of the discussion. It is an empowering and important skill in managing diversity in a global business.

Try these tips to improve your active listening:

  • Look at the individual, stop the other things you are doing and remove distractions. Listen not only to the words, but pay attention to the tone and emotions of the individual.
  • Be attentive to what the individual is talking about.
  • Restate what the person said in your own words to ensure complete understanding.
  • Be patient, silent and respect pauses, let the individual finish speaking.
  • Ask meaningful and clarifying questions.
  • Be aware of your own emotions and opinions.
  • If you wish to offer your own opinion, only do this after you have listened.
 Effective active listening requires skill in providing feedback and being observant of verbal and non-verbal signals.

NON VERBAL SIGNALS:

  • Good eye contact
  • Facial expressions
  • Body Language
  • Silence
 VERBAL SIGNALS:
  • “I’m listening” cues
  • Validating Statements
  • Statements of Support
  • Reflection/Mirroring Statements
We often prescribe before making a proper diagnosis when communicating. We should first take the time to deeply understand the problems presented to us. The real key to influence is example - your actual conduct.


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Wednesday, February 15, 2012

New Webapp - Pomodoro Daisuki is a Simple Kanban Board

I recently reviewed a new webapp call Pomodoro Daisuki on a tip from Jim Benson at Personal Kanban. Pomodoro Daisuki is a chrome app that combines  a simple digital personal kanban board along with the the basic functionality of the pomodoro technique.



The Pomodoro Technique is a time management philosophy that aims to provide the user with maximum focus and creative freshness, thereby allowing them to complete projects faster with less mental fatigue.

The process is simple. For every project throughout the day, you budget your time into short increments and take breaks periodically. You work for 25 minutes, then take break for five minutes.

Each 25-minute work period is called a “pomodoro”, named after the Italian word for tomato. Francesco Cirillo used a kitchen timer shaped like a tomato as his personal timer, and thus the method’s name.

After four “pomodoros” have passed, (100 minutes of work time with 15 minutes of break time) you then take a 15-20 minute break.

Every time you finish a pomodoro, you mark your progress with an “X”, and note the number of times you had the impulse to procrastinate or switch gears to work on another task for each 25-minute chunk of time.

The Pomodoro techniques isn't for everyone in every situation but it can provide a systematic way to tackle you daily to-do list. Personally it is not for me.

I am a big fan of the personal kanban system as I have written about before so if you are looking for a simple easy to set-up kanban board this may be for you.  It costs nothing so give it a try.  Let us know what you think by leaving a comment here.


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Tuesday, February 14, 2012

How Do You Define Quality?


"Quality" means different things to different people. We use the term but the concept and vocabulary of quality is elusive. If you ask someone to define the word "quality", you may get a variety of answers.

The definition of quality often depends on the stakeholders. Stakeholders are, as the name implies, people with some stake or concern in the process. In manufacturing, the definition of quality can be fairly straightforward. Products should work as intended with a minimum number of faults or failures. This concept applies to services as well as products.

Manufacturing-based definitions are concerned primarily with engineering and manufacturing practices and use the universal definition of “conformance to requirements.” Requirements, or specifications, are established design, and any deviation implies a reduction in quality. In service industries, customer satisfaction is often the primary measure.

A modern definition of quality derives from Juran's "fitness for intended use." This definition basically says that quality is "meeting or exceeding customer expectations." Deming states that the customer's definition of quality is the only one that matters.

Excellence in quality is not necessarily in the eye of the beholder but rather in the standards set by the organization. This approach has serious weaknesses. The consumer’s perception of quality is equated with conformance and hence is internally focused. Emphasis on reliability in design and manufacturing tends to address cost reduction as the objective, and cost reduction is perceived in a limited way–invest in design and manufacturing improvement until these incremental costs equal the costs of non-quality such as rework or scrap.

In manufacturing, a measure of excellence or a state of being free from defects, deficiencies, and significant variations, brought about by the strict and consistent adherence to measurable and verifiable standards to achieve uniformity of output that satisfies specific customer or user requirements. ISO 8402-1986 standard defines quality as "the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs."

The Baldrige Criteria doesn’t mention the word quality because every activity and decision contained in the structure of the criteria must be a quality activity or decision. Under this assumption, quality is built in to the very fiber of the organization. This is the preferred way to conduct the business of the organization.

Quality is important to businesses but can be quite hard to define. The meaning of quality differs depending upon circumstances and perceptions. For example, quality is a different concept when focusing on tangible products versus the perception of a quality service. The meaning of quality is also time-based or situational.

How would you define Quality?


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Monday, February 13, 2012

Lean Rules to Live By


Rules create structure in our systems. Without rules there would be in chaos. Lean rules provide the guidance needed to implement improvement, explaining the “why” behind lean tools and the Six Sigma methodology. Lean rules also help develop new solutions to problems. For everyone in an organization, these rules help structure activities, connect customers and suppliers, specify and simplify flow paths, and bring improvement through experimentation at the right level.

In their paper Decoding the DNA of the Toyota Production System, Harvard Business Review, 1999, S. Spear and H.K. Brown boiled down the essence of the Toyota method to these Lean 4 Rules-In-Use:

Rule 1: All work shall be highly specified as to content, sequence, timing, and outcome.
Specify in advance the exact Content, Sequence, Timing, and Outcome of work.

  • Content (what is being done?)
  • Sequence (in what order?)
  • Timing (how long should it take?)
  • Outcome (what clearly defined measurable results are expected?)
 Establish predictable outcomes for each process so shortfalls and over production are immediately apparent.

Rule 2: Every customer-supplier connection must be direct, and there must be an unambiguous yes-or-no way to send requests and receive responses.
Interaction between Humans, Materials, and Information should be Clear, Direct, and Binary. No ambiguity.

Create a workplace that is:
     Self-ordering
     Self-improving
     Self-regulating
     Self-explaining

What is supposed to happen, does happen, on time, every time.

Rule 3: The pathway for every product and service must be simple and direct.
Organize for uninterrupted flow with simple, direct paths for work flow. The pathway should not be subject to interpretation on a case-by-case basis. Build in self-diagnostics so when a path is not being followed, it should be obvious and immediately correctable without too much time passing or outside intervention required.

Rule 4: Continuously Improve
Develop leaders who can apply the scientific method to improve anything. Allow improvement to come from the source by those doing the work - as close to the problem as possible. Respond directly to any problem that arises with clear helping/coaching chains. Whenever possible, start as an experiment supported by a coach.

Toyota developed this set of principles, Rules-in-Use, as the building blocks of a production system. They allow organizations to gain maximum efficiency so everyone can contribute at or near his or her potential. When the parts (activities, connections, and pathways) come together the whole is much, much greater than the sum of the parts.


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Friday, February 10, 2012

Lean Quote: Done is Better than Perfect

On Fridays I will post a Lean related Quote. Throughout our lifetimes many people touch our lives and leave us with words of wisdom. These can both be a source of new learning and also a point to pause and reflect upon lessons we have learned. Within Lean active learning is an important aspect on this journey because without learning we can not improve.

"Done is better than perfect." — Scott Allen

It's kind of like the old adage, "You can have it fast. You can have it cheap. Or you can have it perfect. But you only get to pick two".

Or, as someone else once said, "Don't let Perfect be the Enemy of Good." Striving for the highest quality you can (whether at work, home, or any endeavor) is great … but "can" has to include a time parameter. Something that never ships, is never finished, never gets done, is ultimately as useless as churning out something crappy.

Don’t spend your time trying to make things perfect. There will always be a few mistakes when you try to crank things out the best you can. Don’t do shoddy work, but don’t concern yourself with attempting to be perfect.

Lean is more about trial and error than the right tool for the job. It’s about what you learn and applying that knowledge to the problem. And it's better to get something done imperfectly than to do nothing perfectly.

In some situations, the happier course is to know when good enough is good enough and not to worry about perfection or making the perfect choice.



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Thursday, February 9, 2012

Gemba-Based Education - Visual Workplace/Visual Thinking


The Lean Enterprise Institute, Rhode Island-based VIBCO and instructor Gwen Galsworth will collaborate to offer the Visual Workplace/Visual Thinking seminar. The format is a combination of classroom and shop-floor learning. Participants will first attend a visual workplace workshop on March 27th in Warwick, RI, followed by a visit to VIBCO on March 28th to observe and evaluate its efforts at implementing a visual workplace.


I have been fortunate to visit VIBCO and have gotten to know the team well over the last several years. They have been on their lean journey since 2004 and visual management is an important part of their solution.

Visual management a frequent topic on this site is a means to a sustainable culture and business results. Gwendolyn's work in the arena of visual thinking is unparalleled. 

LEI brings together this unique to learn about visual thinking and then its actual application by going to the gemba.  I am sure this will be a valuable opportunity rich with new ideas. The cost for day 1 is $800 and the cost for day 2 is $400. To see complete event details or to register, please visit the LEI website.



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